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KMID : 0352720170410020195
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Journal of Ginseng Research
2017 Volume.41 No. 2 p.195 ~ p.200
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Ginseng authenticity testing by measuring carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope compositions that differ based on cultivation land and organic fertilizer type
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Chung Ill-Min
Lee Taek-Jun
Oh Yong-Taek
Ghimire Bimal Kumar
Jang In-Bae
Kim Seung-Hyun
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Abstract
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Background: The natural ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) stable isotopes can be varied in some specific living organisms owing to various isotopic fractionation processes in nature. Therefore, the analysis of C, N, and S stable isotope ratios in ginseng can provide a feasible method for determining ginseng authenticity depending on the cultivation land and type of fertilizer.
Methods: C, N, and S stable isotope composition in 6-yr-old ginseng roots (Jagyeongjong variety) was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
Results: The type of cultivation land and organic fertilizers affected the C, N, and S stable isotope ratio in ginseng (p < 0.05). The δ15NAIR and δ34SVCDT values in ginseng roots more significantly discriminated the cultivation land and type of organic fertilizers in ginseng cultivation than the δ13CVPDB value. The combination of δ13CVPDB, δ15NAIR, or δ34SVCDT in ginseng, except the combination δ13CVPDB?34SVCDT, showed a better discrimination depending on soil type or fertilizer type.
Conclusion: This case study provides preliminary results about the variation of C, N, and S isotope composition in ginseng according to the cultivation soil type and organic fertilizer type. Hence, our findings are potentially applicable to evaluate ginseng authenticity depending on cultivation conditions.
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KEYWORD
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cultivation land, ginseng authenticity, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, organic fertilizer, Panax ginseng
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